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What Is A Heavy Oil Burner? Principle And Technical Characteristics Of Heavy Oil Burner
Introduction to heavy oil fuel:
Heavy oil is a by-product of crude oil refining. It is usually made of cracked heavy oil, vacuum heavy oil, atmospheric heavy oil, or wax oil in different proportions.
In terms of model selection, the overall requirements shall be high calorific value, good combustion performance, moderate viscosity, good corrosivity, small solid impurities, and convenience for storage and transportation.

Viscosity:
Viscosity indicates the fluidity of the fuel. The higher the viscosity, the worse the atomization effect. It is the most important quality index and performance index of heavy oil, which directly affects the working efficiency and fuel consumption of the oil pumps and nozzles. With the increase in temperature, the viscosity of heavy oil decreases gradually. Therefore, high-viscosity oil must be heated for smooth transportation and atomization.

Therefore, when selecting oil products, it is necessary to know the viscosity-temperature curve of oil products in addition to the conventional indicators of oil products to ensure that the heating can make the heavy oil reach the viscosity required by the pre-atomization burner. For the mechanical atomizing burner, the optimal fuel viscosity in front of the nozzle is 2.5~3.5 ° Et, and the optimal fuel viscosity of the high-pressure air atomizing burner is 4.5~5.8 ° Et.

The unit viscosity expression includes Ingel viscosity (° Et) and kinematic viscosity t (mm2/s, also known as centers CST). The conversion relationship is: t=7.310 ° ET-6.31/° Et

Sulfur Content:
In heavy oil, sulfur may exist in various forms, such as elements and compounds. SO2 and SO3 generated after sulfur combustion will seriously pollute the environment when discharged into the atmosphere and will combine with water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfite and sulfuric acid, thus affecting the service life of flue, dust remover, and fan. In addition, sulfide has different effects on oil pipelines, valves, pumps, sealing rings, spray guns, etc. Therefore, when selecting heavy oil, the lower the sulfur content, the better, generally less than 3%.

Mechanical Impurities:
Mechanical impurities will block the filter screen, spray gun, and oil valve, accelerate the wear of the oil pump and nozzle, and seriously affect the service life of parts. Therefore, the content of mechanical impurities in fuel is generally required to be less than 0.5~1%.

Flashpoint and flashpoint:
Flashpoint and ignition points are important indicators of fuel fire and explosion safety. The higher the temperature, the better. When selecting an oil, it is important to know its flash point and ignition point to determine the heating temperature. In the heavy oil storage tank without a pressure opening, its heating temperature should be below the flash point of 10~20 ° C, which can effectively avoid fire.

Calorific value:
Calorific value is an important economic indicator of fuel, which is directly related to the fuel consumption of asphalt stations. The higher the calorific value, the better. Generally, the low calorific value of oil is 38.5~44MJ/kg.

Moisture content:
Water is one of the main impurities in the fuel. It not only reduces the content of combustible components in the fuel but also makes it difficult to ignite the fuel. Excessive moisture will increase the corrosion of pipes and equipment, increase the heat loss of smoke exhaust and transportation energy consumption, and uneven moisture content will lead to flame pulsation and even flameout. The fuel oil shall be dehydrated before use, and the water content shall be controlled between 1% and 3% generally.

Technical features:
1. Flame stabilizer is used to keep stable vortex circulation at the flame root, reduce the rotation of internal air, and thus reduce the main air volume by half.

2. The flame cover is used to prevent the heavy oil in the gas flow from dispersing at will, causing adverse effects. The flame shape is more reasonable, avoiding high temperatures at the kiln head, and prolonging the service life of the protective iron at the kiln mouth.

3. The external clean air has intermittent rectangular direct air injection, which is changed to annular clean air injection after reaching the front end of the burner. At the same time, increasing the annular gap area can prolong the flame and increase the average temperature in the kiln.

4. The cyclone blade is installed at the front end of the inner air duct, 2cm away from the front end of the outer cylinder wall, to fold the flame and avoid the high temperature of the kiln head. The first handle of the burner can be adjusted. When leaving the factory, the position of the cyclone separator blade is at the 6 “position of the scale. The adjustment range is 0} 6cm, and there is no negative value.

5. The central air blows back the high-temperature gas around the nozzle, which not only cools the inside of the nozzle but also the end face, thus protecting the burner head and extending the service life of the burner.